This is an unpleasant disease that women suffer more. Cystitis appears due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, which occurs against the background of a bacterial infection.
Urological disease can become chronic without treatment and can cause changes in the tissue of the bladder, leading to the development of serious diseases.
Causes of cystitis
The causes of cystitis can also be a decrease in general immunity, chronic stress, initiation of sexual activity, narrowing of the urethra, hypothermia, stasis in the bladder (the habit of enduring until the end), unbalanced nutrition, hormonal disorders. , pregnancy, childbirth, operations on organs of the urinary system.
Another reason is medication. The causes of cystitis can also be a decrease in general immunity, chronic stress, initiation of sexual activity, narrowing of the urethra, hypothermia, stasis in the bladder (the habit of enduring until the end), unbalanced nutrition, hormonal disorders. , pregnancy, childbirth, operations on organs of the urinary system.
Bladder inflammation can also cause the body to react to certain allergens. Cystitis is most common in women. This is related to the physiological characteristics of the female genital structure. The urethra is close to the entrance to the vagina and anus. Therefore, it is very important to constantly monitor the quality of intimate hygiene.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent urge to urinate - during urination, pain and burning in the urethra, as well as a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying may appear.
- pain in the lower abdomen - there is a feeling of overcrowding of the bladder. Also, a symptom of cystitis is itching and burning in the perineum. In some cases, patients do not pay attention to pain and discomfort, if they are not too pronounced. This can lead to chronic diseases and complications.
- the appearance of pathological impurities (mucus, blood, pus) in the urine - the color of urine can be from pale pink to brick. The presence of dirt indicates the presence of a virus in the human body. With the development of cystitis, acute pain may appear in the urethra.
How does cystitis manifest itself during pregnancy?
During the birth of a child, the protective functions of the immune system in a woman decrease. Therefore, a pathological organism entering the body creates the inflammatory process faster.
The development of cystitis is facilitated by the characteristics of female physiology. The shorter and wider shape of the urethra and its proximity to the vagina and intestines help the rapid transmission of infections from neighboring organs.
With this disease, the walls of the bladder become inflamed, which causes a violation of its functions. Symptoms of cystitis are quite specific - it is difficult to confuse them with other pathologies. A woman may have frequent, painful urination, blood in the urine and fever.
First of all, a woman should consult a urologist. He will prescribe the necessary tests, examinations and recommend further consultation with a gynecologist. This allows you to exclude the presence of infections of the genital area that can cause bacterial vaginosis, colpitis, liver.
How to treat cystitis in pregnant women? Diet, immunity and hormonal status are corrected, blood circulation improves. Then, it is necessary to start the fight against pathogens (E. coli, Candida fungi, STI, viruses), to restore the damaged structure of the bladder.
Cystitis in children
Taking into account the fundamental anatomical differences between the sexes, cystitis occurs almost 4-10 times more often in girls than in children of the opposite sex.
Symptoms of pathology in children are different. During urination, there are pains in the urethral canal, lower abdomen or side area. Also, the number of urinations may increase, as well as urinary incontinence and leakage that were not observed before.
Children show increased whims during urination and bowel movements. At the same time, the appetite is disturbed, there is anxiety if you have to sit on the pot due to pain, burning, fear of pain. Intoxication of the body occurs, which is manifested by an increase in body temperature, shivering.
Clinical manifestations vary depending on the age of the child. General symptoms predominate in young children. In addition, children at a young age are not always able to express what is bothering them. In older children, signs of intoxication are no longer observed, where urinary disorders and pain syndrome come to the fore.
Types of cystitis
There are several classifications of pathology: according to the course, type of inflammation, causes. We will dwell in more detail on the classification according to the course of the disease.
- Acute cystitisappears a few hours after the body is exposed to a harmful factor. There are pronounced signs of the inflammatory process with a tendency to progress. If acute cystitis is not treated or the wrong therapy is used, there is a high probability of developing a chronic form.
- Subacute cystitisthere is a blurred clinical picture. Symptoms are mild or absent. If signs of intoxication of the body (fever, pains, shivering) are not observed, it can be accompanied only by pain and urinary disorders.
- Chronic cystitisoccurs as a result of untreated acute cystitis. It is characterized by a slow course, symptoms are not expressed and sometimes it is completely asymptomatic. That is, the factor that causes inflammation in the bladder continues without giving itself, but at a certain point there is a sharp exacerbation with all the subsequent consequences: frequent and painful urination, burning, itching, cloudy urine, failure, etc.
Diagnosis of pathology
A urologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis. Only a specialist knows how to properly treat this disease in order to prevent chronic inflammation and not harm health.
You can go to the nearest clinic for examination and diagnosis. But it takes time, because you have to wait 2-3 weeks for an appointment with a doctor. However, in the presence of acute or subacute cystitis, time is the most precious resource. Therefore, the best option is to contact a specialized medical clinic. Here you can sign up for an examination and see a professional doctor soon.
The urologist will assess your general health, ask about past illnesses, urinary frequency, and medications. Next, the specialist examines the abdomen and kidney area, and the lower back.
Cystitis in men - looks and feels the genitals. Checks the prostate gland - rectal.
Cystitis in women - evaluates the condition of the mucous membrane, female genital organs, examines the bladder and ureters.
The following tests may be required for diagnosis:
- general urinalysis
- Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko
- bacteriological examination of urine
- cystoscopy
- Ultrasound of the bladder and abdominal organs, including the kidneys
How is cystitis treated?
After a second meeting with the urologist and diagnosis, the specialist will prescribe an individual treatment program for cystitis, which includes drugs. It depends on the disease itself and its course.
The following principles should be followed in the treatment of cystitis:
- bed or semi-bed rest during the entire period of acute symptoms of the disease.
- medical food. The diet for cystitis should be lacto-vegetarian, that is, dairy products, vegetables and fruits should prevail in the patient's daily diet. Fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods, as well as alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited.
- antibiotic therapy. Inflammatory processes can be treated with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Antibiotics for cystitis are first prescribed with a wide spectrum of action, after receiving the result of urine culture and antibiogram. An antimicrobial drug to which the causative agent of cystitis is sensitive is used.
- pain treatment. Patients with severe pain in the bladder are prescribed painkillers and antispasmodics.
- physiotherapy treatment (electrophoresis, phonophoresis, inductothermy, UHF, etc. ).
In no case should you self-medicate, we advise you to consult a urologist in such a delicate matter. Make an appointment with a urologist and be sure that your problems will stay outside the walls of the clinic.